
Zápal hltana (faryngitída), zápal mandlí (tonzilitída) alebo zmiešaný zápal postihujúci aj hltan aj mandle (tonzilofaryngitída) patria k najčastejším ochoreniam vôbec. Prejavujú sa bolesťou, škrabaním v hrdle a ťažkosťami s prehĺtaním. Napriek pomerne nepríjemnému priebehu, väčšina prípadov bolestí v hrdle si nevyžaduje návštevu lekára a dá sa zvládnuť domácou liečbou.
Príčiny bolesti hrdla
Najčastejšími príčinami zapáleného hltana a teda bolestí v hrdle je vírusová, bakteriálna alebo mykotická (objavuje sa po užití antibiotík, imunosupresív a chemoterapii) infekcia. Ťažkosti s hrdlom môže spôsobiť aj podráždenie alebo vysušenie hltana pri dýchaní ústami (najmä v noci pri sťaženom dýchaní nosom) alebo fajčení.
Menej častou príčinou je napr. gastroezofageálny reflux, teda návrat kyseliny zo žalúdka do pažeráka, najmä v noci v horizontálnej polohe. Dochádza k poleptaniu sliznice hltana a následnej bolesti.
Bolesť hrdla sa vyskytuje aj u pacientov s alergickou alebo inou chronickou nádchou, kedy dochádza k zatekaniu hlienov.
Ak bolesť pretrváva niekoľko týždňov bez zjavnej príčiny, je nutné vyhľadať lekára kvôli vylúčeniu závanžnejšieho ochorenia (AIDS, rakovina hltana).
Kedy vyhľadať lekára
Pri liečbe bežného nekomplikovaného zápalu hrdla nie je nutné vyhľadať lekársku pomoc, pomôže domáca liečba kloktaním slanej vody alebo cmúľanie pastiliek s dezinfekčným a protizápalovým účinkom. Ak sa však vyskytnú komplikácie ako vysoká teplota (okolo 39°C), problémy s prehĺtaním a opuch lymfatických uzlín, bolesť ucha alebo bolesť pretrváva viac ako týždeň, je nevyhnutné navštíviť lekára. Môže sa jednať o bakteriálny zápal, kedy sa ordinujú antibiotiká, aby sa predišlo šíreniu infekcie.
Súvisiace články:
Vitamíny proti chrípke-ktoré, koľko a ako?
Informácie uvedené na stránke neslúžia ako náhrada návodu na použitie lieku ani nenahrádzajú návštevu lekára. Pred užitím lieku si dôkladne prečítajte príbalovú informáciu lieku.
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